With a stroke of his pen, Abraham Lincoln abolished the cruel and inhumane treatment of a nation of people. Or did he? Though the 13th Amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery, a clause written in the amendment provides an exception. This clause says: "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." It is this exception that has caused slavery to be reshaped and redefined from the very minute the Amendment was signed.
Post 13th Amendment History
Quickly following the passage of the 13th Amendment, the Black Codes were instituted. These Codes restricted the rights of the newly-freed slaves, allowing law enforcement officials to arrest black males and females for loitering, vagrancy, or trespassing. Once arrested, they were shipped off to plantation prisons, which were modeled after slave plantations.
Along with the Black Codes, the convict leasing system was implemented. Though the convict leasing system had been present since 1825, this practice began to flourish in the post-Civil War days, involving the leasing of prisoners to private companies who paid their state a fee for the service. Convicts worked for the companies on a daily basis, returning to their cells every night while businesses made a profit from free prison labor.
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